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Free Energy Principle
The free energy principle is a mathematical principle in biophysics and cognitive science that describes a formal account of the representational capacities of physical systems: that is, why things that exist look as if they track properties of the systems to which they are coupled.
Under the free energy principle, systems pursue paths of least surprise, or equivalently, minimize the difference between predictions based on their model of the world and their sense and associated perception. This difference is quantified by variational free energy and is minimized by continuous correction of the world model of the system, or by making the world more like the predictions of the system. By actively changing the world to make it closer to the expected state, systems can also minimize the free energy of the system (View Highlight)